Fluorides are usually toxic to humans, however CaF2 is considered relatively harmless due to its extreme insolubility. The material is commonly used as a window material for both infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths, since it is transparent in these regions (about 0.15 μm to 9 μm) and exhibits extremely weak birefringence. The birefringence of calcium fluoride exceeds tolerable limits. This problem with birefringence can be mitigated through optimised growth process. It is particularly important as an ultraviolet optical material for integrated circuit lithography.

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